Shaun M. Williams, PhD
Scientific Linealogy

Shaun Williams, PhD

Shaun M. Williams, PhD

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Physics, The Ohio State University, 2006
• Dissertation: Characteristics and Applications of the Infrared Enhanced Transmission of Metallic Subwavelength Arrays.
• Advisor: James V. Coe, PhD

James V. Coe, PhD

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 1986
• Dissertation: The photoelectron spectroscopy of negative cluster ions.
• Advisor: Kit H. Bowen, Jr., PhD

Kit Hansell Bowen, Jr., PhD

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Harvard University, 1977
• Dissertation: Weakly bound molecular clusters : electron affinities and structure.
• Advisor: Dudley R. Herschbach, PhD

Dudley Robert Herschbach, PhD

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Physics, Harvard University, 1958
• Dissertation: Internal rotation and microwave spectroscopy.
• Advisor: Edgar B. Wilson, PhD

Dudley Robert Herschbach, PhD

• Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1986
• Nobel Prize awarded for “their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes.”
• Prize shared with: Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi
• Herschbach and Lee specifically worked with molecular beams, performing so-called "crossed molecular beam" experiments that enabled a detailed molecular-level understanding of many elementary reaction processes.

Edgar Bright Wilson, PhD

1908 - 1992

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 1933
• Dissertation: Wave functions for simple atoms.
• Advisor: Linus C. Pauling, PhD
• He developed the first rigorous quantum mechanical Hamiltonian in internal coordinates for a polyatomic molecule.
• He pioneered the use of group theory for the analysis and simplification normal mode analysis, particularly for high symmetry molecules, such as benzene.
• Starting in 1997, the American Chemical Society has annually awarded the E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy.

Linus Carl Pauling, PhD

1901 - 1994

• Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Chemistry and Mathematical Physics, Caltech, 1925
• Dissertation: The determination with x-rays of the structures of crystals.
• Advisor: Roscoe G. Dickinson, PhD

Linus Carl Pauling, PhD

1901 - 1994

• Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1954
• Nobel Prize awarded for “his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances.”
• Pauling summarized his work on the chemical bond in The Nature of the Chemical Bond
• Led to the concept of orbital hybridization.
• Determined the proper description of aromatic hydrocarbons is as resonance structures

Linus Carl Pauling, PhD

1901 - 1994

• Nobel Prize for Peace, 1962
• Nobel Prize awarded for “his campaign against nuclear weapons testing.”
• Awarded that 1968-1969 International Lenin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples

Roscoe Gilkey Dickinson, PhD

1894 - 1945

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, Caltech, 1920
• Dissertation: : I. The crystal structures of wulfenite and scheelite. II. The crystal structures of sodium chlorate and sodium bromate..
• Advisor: Arthur A. Noyes, PhD

Arthur Amos Noyes, PhD

1866 - 1936

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 1890
• Advisor: Friedrich W. Ostwald, PhD

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald, PhD

1853 - 1932

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of Dorpat, 1875
• Advisor: Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt, PhD

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald, PhD

1853 - 1932

• Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1909
• Nobel Prize awarded for “his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundemental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction.”
• Credited with inventing the Ostwald process used in the manufacture of nitric acid
• The name "mole" is an 1897 translation of the German Mol, coined by Ostwald in 1893

Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald, PhD

1853 - 1932

Modern Founders of Physical Chemistry

• Left: Jacobus van't Hoff
• Right: Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald

• Left: Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald
• Middle Rear: Richard Abegg
• Right: Svante August Arrhenius

Carl Ernst Heinrich Schmidt, PhD

1822 - 1894

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of Giessen, 1844
• Advisor: Justus von Liebig, PhD

Justus von Liebig, PhD

1803 - 1873

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of Erlangen, 1822
• Advisor: Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, PhD

Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner, PhD

1783 - 1857

• Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry, University of Jena, 1805
• Advisor: Johann Friedrich August Göttling, PhD
• Known for his study of triboluminescence.

Johann Friedrich August Göttling

1753 - 1809

• Apothecary, Langensalza, 1775
• Advisor: Johann Christian Wiegleb

• Developed and sold chemical assay kits
• Studied processes for extracting sugar from beets
• Studied the chemistry of sulphur, arsenic, phosphorus, and mercury.
• Wrote texts on analytical chemistry
• Studied oxidation of organic compounds by nitric acid.
• He was one of first in Germany to take a stand against the phlogiston hypothesis and for the new chemistry of Lavoisier.

Johann Christian Wiegleb

1732 - 1800

• Apothecary, Langensalza, ~1765
• Advisor: Ernst Gottfried Baldinger, MD

• Notable druggist
• Early innovator of chemistry as a science.

Ernst Gottfried Baldinger, MD

1738 - 1804

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Jena, 1760
• Advisor: Christopher Andreas Mangold, MD

Christopher Andreas Mangold, MD

1719 - 1767

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Erfurt, 1751
• Advisor: Georg Erhardt Hamberger, MD
• Professor of anatomy
• Studied chemistry
• Studied of gunpowder and cinnabar
• Promoted the idea that medical diagnosis should be based upon symptoms, laboratory tests and comparisons with other patients

Georg Erhardt Hamberger, MD

1697 - 1755

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Jena, 1721
• Advisor: Johann Adolph Wedel, MD

Johann Adolph Wedel, MD

1675 - 1747

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Jena, 1697
• Advisor: Georg Wolfgang Wedel, MD

Georg Wolfgang Wedel, MD

1645 - 1721

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Jena, 1669
• Advisor: Werner Rolfinck, MD

Werner Rolfinck, MD

1599 - 1673

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, 1625
• Advisor: Adriaan van den Spiegel, MD
• Physician, scientist and botanist.
• Rearranged and expanded the University of Jena's botanical garden (the Botanischer Garten Jena)
• Researched chemical reactions and the biochemistry of metals
• Rejected the view that other metals could be transformed into gold

Adriaan van den Spiegel, MD
(Adrianus Spigelius)

1578 - 1625

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, ~1603
• Advisor: Girolamo Fabrici, MD
• Wrote work on anatomy: De humani corporis Fabrica libri X tabulis aere icisis exornati

Hieronymus Fabricius
Girolamo Fabrizio, MD (Fabrici)
(Fabricus ab Aquapendende)

1537 - 1619

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, 1559
• Advisor: Gabriele Fallopio, MD

Gabriele Fallopio (Fallopius), MD

1523 - 1562

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 1548
• Advisor: Antonio Musa Brasavola, MD

Antonio Musa Brasavola, MD

1500 - 1555

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 1520
• Advisor: Niccolò Leoniceno, MD
• Consulting physician of
  • Kings Francis I, Charles V, and Henry VIII
  • Popes Paul III, Leo X, Clement VIII and Julius III
• Performed the first successful tracheotomy (published in 1546)

Niccolò Leoniceno, MD

1428 - 1524

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, 1453
• Advisor: Pietro Roccabonella, MD
• Pioneer in the translation of ancient Greek and Arabic medical texts by such authors as Galen and Hippocrates into Latin
• Wrote the first scientific paper on syphilis
• Composed the first criticism of the Natural History of Pliny the Elder.

Pietro Roccabonella, MD

1427 - 1491

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, 1455
• Advisor: Sigismondo Polcastro, MD

Sigismondo Polcastro, MD

1384 - 1473

• Doctor of Medicine, University of Padua, 1424
• Advisor: Michele Savonarola

Michele Savonarola

1385 - 1468

• University of Padua
• Wrote several important books:
  • Practice Maior (Practice de egritudinibus to understand usque ad pedes) - contained all the knowledge of the time inherent to medicine "from head to toe"
  • De regimine pregnantibus et noviter natorum even unto septennium - one of the first modern scientific studies on pediatrics and childcare
  • Libellus de magnificis ornamentis regiae civitatis Paduae